How to Identify if Glycolic Acid Is an AHA or BHA
Understanding the difference between Alpha Hydroxy Acids (AHAs) and Beta Hydroxy Acids (BHAs) is crucial for anyone interested in skincare. These two types of acids are commonly found in various skincare products, and they each offer unique benefits. One of the most popular skincare acids is glycolic acid, but is it an AHA or a BHA? Let's explore this topic in depth.
Understanding AHAs and BHAs
Before we delve into the specifics of glycolic acid, it's important to understand what AHAs and BHAs are. These are two types of hydroxy acids, which are organic compounds containing a hydroxyl group (-OH) and a carboxylic acid group (-COOH). They are widely used in skincare due to their exfoliating properties.
AHAs, or Alpha Hydroxy Acids, are water-soluble acids derived from sugary fruits. They help peel away the surface of your skin so that new, more evenly pigmented skin cells may generate and take their place. AHAs are best for dry skin and visible signs of aging.
BHAs, or Beta Hydroxy Acids, on the other hand, are oil-soluble. This means they can penetrate deeper into the skin, clearing out pores and reducing oil production. BHAs are best for oily, acne-prone skin and for treating blackheads and whiteheads.
What is Glycolic Acid?
Glycolic acid is a colorless, odorless, and hygroscopic crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water. It is the smallest α-hydroxy acid (AHA), and it is derived from sugar cane. Due to its excellent capability to penetrate skin, glycolic acid finds applications in skincare products, most often as a chemical peel.
When applied to the skin, glycolic acid works to break the bonds between the outer layer of skin cells, including dead skin cells, and the next skin cell layer. This creates a peeling effect that can make the skin appear smoother and more youthful.
Is Glycolic Acid an AHA or a BHA?
Now, to answer the main question: Is glycolic acid an AHA or a BHA? Glycolic acid is an AHA, or Alpha Hydroxy Acid. This classification is due to its structure and where it is derived from. As mentioned earlier, AHAs are typically derived from sugary fruits, and glycolic acid is no exception as it is derived from sugar cane.
Being an AHA, glycolic acid is water-soluble and works on the surface of the skin. It is best used for treating fine lines, acne, blackheads, dullness, oiliness and uneven texture. People with sensitive skin should use it with caution, as it may cause irritation.
Benefits of Using Glycolic Acid
Glycolic acid, like other AHAs, offers numerous benefits for the skin. Here are some of the key benefits:
- Exfoliation: Glycolic acid is a fantastic exfoliant. It helps shed dead skin cells and reveal the newer, brighter layers underneath by acting on the stratum corneum (the outermost layer of skin).
- Collagen production: By stimulating fibroblasts in the dermis, glycolic acid helps increase collagen production, which can help skin feel firmer and minimize fine lines and wrinkles.
- Improved skin texture: Regular use of glycolic acid can improve skin texture and color, leaving it brighter and more even.
- Enhanced absorption: By removing the outer layer of skin, glycolic acid can enhance the absorption of other skincare products, making them more effective.
How to Use Glycolic Acid Safely
While glycolic acid offers numerous benefits, it's important to use it safely to avoid skin irritation. Here are some steps to follow:
- Patch test: Before applying glycolic acid to your face, it's important to do a patch test to see how your skin will react. Apply a small amount to a discreet area of skin, like behind your ear, and wait 24 hours to see if any irritation occurs.
- Start slow: If your skin reacts well to the patch test, you can start incorporating glycolic acid into your skincare routine. Start with a low concentration and use it every other day to see how your skin responds.
- Use sunscreen: AHAs, including glycolic acid, can make your skin more sensitive to the sun. Always apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30 during the day when using glycolic acid.
- Stay hydrated: Glycolic acid can be drying, so it's important to keep your skin hydrated. Use a moisturizer after applying glycolic acid to keep your skin nourished and hydrated.
In conclusion, glycolic acid is an AHA derived from sugar cane, offering numerous benefits for the skin, including exfoliation, improved skin texture, and enhanced absorption of other skincare products. However, it's important to use it safely to avoid skin irritation. Remember to always do a patch test, start slow, use sunscreen, and keep your skin hydrated.
